iran's defense diplomacy towards turkey

Bilateral Diplomacy in the European Union: towards ‘post-modern’ patterns

Democracy and women in Turkey: in defense of liberalism.

This article examines how different groups of women, including feminists and Islamists, contributed to the process of democratization since the 1980s in Turkey. It is argued that as women sought their rights, they liberalized the polity. To the extent that liberalization protects democracies from degenerating into mere formalism, women expanded the parameters of "substantive" democracy. In the ...

Towards an Expectation-based Theory of Defense

Multi-Agent Systems should not be conceived as only cooperative. As open systems situations of concurrence, competition and conflict often arise. Starting from this perspective it is relevant not only pro-social interaction modeling, but also a theory of trust and monitoring, giving special relevance to issues of security and defense: how can an agent prevent that dangerous actions of other age...

Regional Integration as Diplomacy

Regional integration agreements (RIAs) are examples of second best and have an ambiguous impact on welfare. This paper builds a model where RIAs unambiguously raise welfare by correcting for externalities. It assumes that trade between neighboring countries raises trust between them and reduce the likelihood of conflict. The optimum intervention in that case is a subsidy on imports from the nei...

Cuba's Medical Diplomacy

Medical diplomacy, the collaboration between countries to improve relations and simultaneously produce health benefits, is a form of soft power that has major benefits for both countries involved and should be seen as a model for international relations. Cuba has adeptly used medical diplomacy since 1960 to garner symbolic capital (prestige, good will, and influence) way beyond what would other...

Fiona Powrie: Gut diplomacy

The immune system's quieter side went unnoticed for some time, while inflammation inducing proteins soaked up all the attention. Fiona Powrie stepped in just after the concept of inflammation-reducing " suppressor " cells had emerged. In Don Mason's laboratory at the MRC Cellular Immunology Unit in Oxford, Powrie and her colleagues lent the vaguely described cells definition, by showing that on...